Headset noise reducing

ABSTRACT

A headset has an earcup with front opening adjacent to an annular cushion formed with a plurality of openings facing the inside of the earcup that acoustically couples the earcup volume to the cushion volume. A driver is seated inside the earcup with a microphone adjacent to the driver. Active noise reducing circuitry intercouples the driver and microphone. An acoustic load that may comprise a wire mesh resistive cover and/or air mass adjacent the microphone is constructed and arranged to reduce the effect of resonances in the earcup volume.A headset has an earcup with front opening adjacent to an annular cushion. A driver is seated inside the earcup with a microphone adjacent to the driver. Active noise reducing circuitry intercouples the driver and microphone. An acoustic load is constructed and arranged to reduce the effect of resonances in the earcup volume.

The present invention relates in general to headset noise reducing andmore particularly concerns novel apparatus and techniques for activelyand/or passively reducing the noise perceived by the user of a headset.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

For background reference is made to U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,305,387, 5,208,868,5,181,252, 4,989,271, 4,922,542, 4,644,581 and 4,455,675. Reference isalso made to the Bose active noise-reducing headsets that are or werecommercially available from Bose Corporation that are incorporated byreference herein.

It is an important object of the invention to provide improvednoise-reducing for headsets.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

According to the invention, there is an earcup closed at the back awayfrom the ear of a user and open at the front adjacent to the ear of theuser. There is a driver inside the earcup. The earcup has a cushion thatis seated in the front opening and formed with an ear opening foraccommodating the ear of the user and an annular ridge surrounding theear opening formed with a plurality of openings with adjacent openingstypically spaced from each other by of the order of the width of anopening measured along the circumference of the ear opening with eachopening having a radial width generally perpendicular to thecircumference of the ear opening slightly less than the radial width ofthe annular ridge. For active noise reduction, there is a microphoneadjacent to the driver coupled to the driver by electronic circuitrythat furnishes active noise reduction and an acoustical load around themicrophone and driver. The acoustic load may comprise a resistive meshscreen and/or air in a tube. Other features, objects and advantages willbecome apparent from the following detailed description when read inconnection with the accompanying drawings in which:

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWING

FIG. 1A is a perspective view of a headset earcup assembly embodying theinvention with the cushion shown in FIG. 1B according to the inventionremoved;

FIG. 2 is a sectional view of an earcup assembly according to theinvention;

FIG. 3 is a pictorial perspective view into the earcup assembly with themicrophone and resistive cover plate removed;

FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing the outside of an earcup; and

FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a system embodying the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

With reference now to the drawings and, more particularly, FIGS. 1A and1B thereof, there is shown a perspective view of an earcup assemblyaccording to the invention with the perforated cushion of FIG. 1Bremoved. Earcup 11 is closed at the rear away from the ear of a user andsupports driver 12 and a closely adjacent microphone (not seen in FIG.1A) that is covered by resistive mesh screen 13 typically formed with anopening 13A exposing the microphone and comprising an acoustical load.Electronic circuitry intercouples the microphone and driver 12 toprovide active noise reduction and exchange audio signals through cable14 for transduction by driver 12 into desired sound signal for thewearing user and by the microphone into a noise-reducing audio signal.

Referring also to FIG. 1B, cushion 15 covers the exposed front openingadjacent to the ear of the wearing user and is formed with an earopening 15A for accommodating the ear of the wearing user and an annularridge 16 surrounding ear opening 15A that is formed with a plurality ofopenings, such as 16A, through which an annular ring of foam is visiblethat rests against driver 12 when assembled.

Referring to FIG. 2, there is shown a diagrammatic sectional viewthrough an assembled earcup. Driver 12 is seated in earcup 11 withdriver plate 12A extending rearward from a lip 11A of earcup 11 to aridge 11B with microphone 17 closely adjacent to driver 12 and coveredby wire mesh resistive cover 13. Cushion 15 covers the front opening ofearcup 11 and includes foam 15B.

Referring to FIG. 3, there is shown a pictorial perspective view intoearcup 11 with cushion 15, microphone 17 and wire mesh resistive cover13 removed to illustrate certain structural details. Earcup 11 is formedwith a cable entry 11C for accommodating cable 14 for receiving audiosignals for transduction by driver 12 and intercoupling externalelectronic circuitry with the drive and microphone. Driver plate 12Acarries resistive cover holders 21A and 21B for supporting the wire meshresistive cover 13. Microphone holder 22 extends from the rear wall ofearcup 11 for supporting microphone 17 and encloses air that comprisesacoustical loading. Driver plate mounting bosses 12B and 12C furnish ameans for attaching driver plate 12A to earcup 11. Driver 12 dividesearcup 11 into a front volume typically about 50 CC adjacent to thefront opening and a rear volume typically about 15 CC enclosed by theclosed end of earcup 11.

Referring to FIG. 4, there is shown a rear view of earcup 11 showingmass port 11C and resistive port 11D covered by a wire mesh.

With reference now to the drawing and more particularly FIG. 5 thereof,there is shown a block diagram illustrating the logical arrangement of asystem incorporating the invention corresponding substantially to FIG. 1of the aforesaid '581 patent. A signal combiner 30 algebraicallycombines the signal desired to be reproduced by the earphone on inputterminal 24 with a feedback signal provided by microphone preamplifier35. Signal combiner 30 provides the combined signal to compressor 31which limits the level of the high level signals. The output ofcompressor 31 is applied to compensator 31A. Compensator 31A includescompensation circuits to insure that the open loop gain meets theNyquist stability criteria, so that the system will not oscillate whenthe loop is closed. The system shown is duplicated once each for theleft and right ears.

Power amplifier 31 amplifies the signal from compensator 31A andenergizes earphone driver 2 to provide an acoustical signal in the frontcavity that is combined with an outside noise signal that enters thefront cavity from a region represented as acoustical input terminal 25to produce a combined acoustic pressure signal in the front cavityrepresented as a circle 36 to provide a combined acoustic pressuresignal applied to and transduced by microphone 7. Microphone amplifier35 amplifies the transduced signal and delivers it to signal combiner30.

Having described the structural arrangement of an embodiment of theinvention, principles of operation will be described. A problem inactive noise-reducing circumaural headphones arises from earcupresonances causing a rough acoustic response that is a function of thehead of the user, making electronic compensation difficult.

One approach for smoothing the acoustic response is to place dampingmaterial, typically highly absorptive foam, around the walls of theearcup. This approach typically requires a significant thickness of foamto provide sufficient damping and requires earcups of relatively largevolume to accommodate the thick foam. Furthermore, the damping of thehighly absorptive foam is a sensitive function of the physicaldimensions of the foam and atmospheric conditions, causing inconsistentacoustical response.

Resonance in the earcup may produce instability by causing oscillationat certain frequencies that typically limits the amount of feedback foractive noise reduction. By acoustically loading the microphone anddriver with the wire mesh resistive cover 13 and/or the enclosed air,resonances are significantly reduced, allowing increased gain in thefeedback loop and significantly improved active noise reduction in anearcup of relatively small volume.

By forming openings in annular ridge 16 of cushion 15 to expose foammaterial 15B, the effective volume of the earcup is significantlyincreased to embrace the volume occupied by cushion 15 and therebyincrease passive attenuation and provides additional damping to helpsmooth the audio response at the ear and control stability with theheadset off the head.

The invention has a number of advantages. Cup size is relatively small,yet there is considerable effective volume with the additional effectivevolume afforded by cushion 15 accessed through openings such as 16A. Theeffect of resonances inside earcup 11 is significantly reduced with wiremesh resistive cover 13 and/or the enclosed air, thereby allowing asignificant increase in loop gain of the active noise reducing system.

It is evident that those skilled in the art may now make numerous usesand modifications of and departures from the specific apparatus andtechniques herein disclosed without departing from the inventiveconcepts. Consequently, the invention is to be construed as embracingeach and every novel feature and novel combination of features presentin or possessed by the apparatus and techniques herein disclosed andlimited solely by the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

1. A headset comprising, an earcup having a front opening adapted to beadjacent to the ear of the user, a driver inside said earcup, a cushionaround the periphery of said front opening formed with an ear openingconstructed and arranged to accommodate the ear of a user and formedwith a plurality of openings around said opening constructed andarranged to acoustically add the volume of said cushion to the volume ofsaid earcup and enhance passive attenuation.
 2. A headset in accordancewith claim 1 and further comprising, an earcup having a front openingadapted to be adjacent to the ear of the user, a driver inside saidearcup, a cushion around the periphery of said front opening formed withan ear opening constructed and arranged to accommodate the ear of a userand formed with a plurality of openings around said opening constructedand arranged to acoustically add the volume of said cushion to thevolume of said ear cup and enhance passive attenuation, a microphoneinside said earcup adjacent to said driver, and active noise reducingcircuitry intercoupling said microphone and said driver constructed andarranged to provide active noise reduction, whereby said cushion withsaid plurality of openings is further constructed and arranged tofurnish additional damping to help smooth the audio response at the earof a user and control stability with the headset off the head.
 3. Aheadset in accordance with claim 2 and further comprising, an acousticload in close proximity to said microphone constructed and arranged toreduce the effects of resonances in said earcup.
 4. A headset inaccordance with claim 3 wherein said acoustic load comprises a wire meshresistive cover.
 5. A headset in accordance with claim 4 wherein saidwire mesh resistive cover is formed with an opening near saidmicrophone.
 6. A headset in accordance with claim 4 wherein said wiremesh resistive cover coacts with said driver to substantially enclosesaid microphone.
 7. The headset in accordance with claim 2, wherein saidcushion comprises foam.
 8. The headset in accordance with claim 7,wherein said foam is visible through the plurality of openings.
 9. Theheadset in accordance with claim 2, wherein said cushion is formed witha plurality of discrete openings having substantially the same area. 10.The headset in accordance with claim 2, wherein said cushion comprisesan annular ridge surrounding said ear opening.
 11. The headset inaccordance with claim 10 wherein said plurality of openings are formedalong the circumferential length of said annular ridge.
 12. The headsetin accordance with claim 11 wherein said plurality of openings areequidistantly spaced along the circumferential length of the annularridge.
 13. The headset in accordance with claim 2 further comprising amass port extending through a closed end of said earcup.
 14. The headsetin accordance with claim 13 further comprising a resistive portextending through said closed end of said earcup.
 15. The headset inaccordance with claim 2 further comprising a resistive port extendingthrough a closed end of the earcup.
 16. The headset in accordance withclaim 14 wherein said resistive port is covered by a wire mesh.
 17. Theheadset in accordance with claim 2 further comprising a driver plate tosupport said driver.
 18. The headset in accordance with claim 17 whereinsaid driver plate is positioned and arranged to substantially dividesaid earcup into a front volume adjacent said front opening and a rearvolume enclosed by a closed end of the earcup.
 19. The headset inaccordance with claim 18 wherein said front volume is substantiallylarger than said rear volume.
 20. A headset comprising, an earcup havinga front opening adapted to be adjacent to the ear of the user, a driverinside said earcup, a cushion around the periphery of said front openingformed with an ear opening constructed and arranged to accommodate theear of a user and formed with a plurality of openings around saidopening constructed and arranged to acoustically add the volume of saidcushion to the volume of said ear cup and enhance passive attenuation, amicrophone inside said earcup adjacent to said driver, and active noisereducing circuitry intercoupling said microphone and said driverconstructed and arranged to provide active noise reduction, whereby saidcushion with said plurality of openings is further constructed andarranged to furnish additional damping to help smooth the audio responseat the ear of a user and control stability with the headset off thehead, a driver plate to support said driver, wherein said driver plateis positioned and arranged to substantially divide said earcup into afront volume adjacent said front opening and a rear volume enclosed by aclosed end of the earcup, wherein said front volume is substantiallylarger than said rear volume, wherein said front volume is about 50cubic centimeters.
 21. A headset comprising, an earcup having a frontopening adapted to be adjacent to the ear of the user, a driver insidesaid earcup, a cushion around the periphery of said front opening formedwith an ear opening constructed and arranged to accommodate the ear of auser and formed with a plurality of openings around said openingconstructed and arranged to acoustically add the volume of said cushionto the volume of said ear cup and enhance passive attenuation, amicrophone inside said earcup adjacent to said driver, and active noisereducing circuitry intercoupling said microphone and said driverconstructed and arranged to provide active noise reduction, whereby saidcushion with said plurality of openings is further constructed andarranged to furnish additional damping to help smooth the audio responseat the ear of a user and control stability with the headset off thehead, a driver plate to support said driver, wherein said driver plateis positioned and arranged to substantially divide said earcup into afront volume adjacent said front opening and a rear volume enclosed by aclosed end of the earcup, wherein said front volume is substantiallylarger than said rear volume, wherein said rear volume is about 15 cubiccentimeters.
 22. A headset comprising, an earcup, a driver inside saidearcup, a microphone disposed between said driver and ear of the user,feedback active noise reducing circuitry intercoupling said microphoneand said driver constructed and arranged to provide active noisereduction, a wire mesh screen disposed between the ear of a user andsaid microphone to load at least one of said microphone and said driverand thereby improve stability of the headset as compared to an otherwiseidentical headset without such wire mesh screen, and a cushion extendingaround the periphery of said open end of earcup formed with openingsthrough the cushion along an annular ring to acoustically add the volumeof said cushion to the volume of said earcup and thereby improve thestability of said feedback active noise reducing circuitry when theheadset is off of the head of the user, as compared to an otherwiseidentical headset without such cushion.
 23. A headset comprising, anearcup having open end adapted to be adjacent to the ear of the user, adriver inside said earcup, a microphone inside said earcup adjacent tosaid driver, feedback active noise reducing circuitry intercoupling saidmicrophone and said driver constructed and arranged to provide activenoise reduction, and a cushion extending around the periphery of saidopen end of earcup formed with openings along an annular ring toacoustically add the volume of said cushion to the volume of said earcupand thereby improve the stability of said feedback active noise reducingcircuitry when the headset is off of the head of the user, as comparedto an otherwise identical headset without such cushion.
 24. The headsetin accordance with claim 23 wherein said cushion comprises foam.
 25. Theheadset in accordance with claim 24 wherein said foam is substantiallyvisible through said openings along said annular ring.
 26. The headsetin accordance with claim 25 wherein said openings area plurality ofdiscrete openings each having substantially the same area.
 27. Theheadset in accordance with claim 23 wherein said plurality of openingsare equidistantly spaced along the circumferential length of saidannular ring.
 28. The headset in accordance with claim 23 furthercomprising a mass port extending through a closed end of said earcup.29. The headset in accordance with claim 23 further comprising aresistive port extending through a closed end of said earcup.